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Local administration of a novel siRNA modality into the CNS extends survival and improves motor function in the SOD1G93A mouse model for ALS

Chunling DuanMoorim KangXiaojie PanZubao GanVera HuangGuanlin LiRobert F. PlaceLong-Cheng Li (2023) Local administration of a novel siRNA modality into the CNS extends survival and improves motor function in the SOD1G93A mouse model for ALS. Preprint, DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530262

Small activating RNA activation of ATOH1 promotes regeneration of human inner ear hair cells.

Yong-Li Zhang, Moorim Kang, Jian-Cheng Wu, Meng-Yao Xie, Ruo-Yan Xue, Qi Tang, Hua Yang & Long-Cheng Li (2022) Small activating RNA activation of ATOH1 promotes regeneration of human inner ear hair cells. Bioengineered, 13:3, 6729-6739, DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2045835

Small activating RNA induced expression of VHL gene in renal cell carcinoma.

Kang MR, Park KH, Lee CW, Lee MY, Han SB, Li LC, Kang JS. Small activating RNA induced expression of VHL gene in renal cell carcinoma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Feb: S1357-2725(18)30030-X.

saRNA-guided Ago2 targets the RITA complex to promoters to stimulate transcription.

Portnoy V, Lin SH, Li KH, Burlingame A, Hu ZH, Li H, Li LC. saRNA-guided Ago2 targets the RITA complex to promoters to stimulate transcription. Cell Res. 2016 Feb 23.

Inducing gene expression by targeting promoter sequences using small activating RNAs.

Wang J, Place RF, Portnoy V, Huang V, Kang MR, Kosaka M, Ho MK, Li LC. Inducing gene expression by targeting promoter sequences using small activating RNAs. J Biol Methods. 2015 Mar 11; 2(1).

Identification of small activating RNAs that enhance endogenous OCT4 expression in human mesenchymal stem cells.

Wang J, Huang V, Ye L, Bárcena A, Lin G, Lue TF and Li LC. Identification of small activating RNAs that enhance endogenous OCT4 expression in human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Dev 2014 Sep 18.

Induction of NANOG expression by targeting promoter sequence with small activating RNA antagonizes retinoic acid-induced differentiation.

Wang X, Wang J, Huang V, Place RF, and Li LC. Induction of NANOG expression by targeting promoter sequence with small activating RNA antagonizes retinoic acid-induced differentiation. Biochem J 2012 May 1; 443(3):821-8.

Small activating RNA-guided iNOS up-regulation improves erectile function of diabetic rats

Wang T, Li M, Yuan H, Zhan Y, Xu H, Wang S, Yang W, Liu J and Li LC. Small activating RNA-guided iNOS up-regulation improves erectile function of diabetic rats. J Urol 2013 Aug; 190(2):790-8.

Targeted p21 WAF1/CIP1 activation by RNAa inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Kosaka M, Kang MR, Yang G and Li LC. Targeted p21 WAF1/CIP1 activation by RNAa inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Nucleic Acid Ther 2012 2012 Oct; 22(5):335-43.

Intravesical delivery of small activating RNA formulated into lipid nanoparticles inhibits orthotopic bladder tumor growth

Kang MR, Yang G, Place RF, Charisse K, Epstein-Barash H, Manoharan H and LI LC. Intravesical delivery of small activating RNA formulated into lipid nanoparticles inhibits orthotopic bladder tumor growth. Cancer Res 2012 Oct 1;72(19):5069-79.

Targeted induction of endogenous NKX3-1 by small activating RNA inhibits prostate tumor growth.

Ren S, Kang MR, Wang J, Huang V, Place RF, Sun Y, Li LC. Targeted induction of endogenous NKX3-1 by small activating RNA inhibits prostate tumor growth. Prostate. Oct; 73(14):1591-601.

Formulation of small activating RNA into lipidoid nanoparticles inhibits xenograft prostate tumor growth by inducing p21 expression

Place RF, Wang J, Noonan E, Meyers R, Manoharan M, Charisse K, Duncan R, Huang V, Wang X and Li LC. Formulation of small activating RNA into lipidoid nanoparticles inhibits xenograft prostate tumor growth by inducing p21 expression. Molecular Therapy – Nucleic Acids 2012; e15.

Antitumor effect of dsRNA-induced p21WAF1/CIP1 gene activation in human bladder cancer cells.

Chen Z, Place RF, Jia ZJ, Pookot D, Dahiya R, Li LC. Antitumor effect of dsRNA-induced p21WAF1/CIP1 gene activation in human bladder cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Mar;7(3):698-703.

MicroRNA-373 induces expression of genes with complementary promoter sequences.

Place RF, Li LC, Pookot D, Noonan EJ, Dahiya R. MicroRNA-373 induces expression of genes with complementary promoter sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 5;105(5):1608-13. Epub 2008 Jan 28.

Small double-stranded RNAs induce transcriptional activation in human cells.

Li LC, Okino ST, Zhao H, Pokot D, Place RF, Dahiya R. Small double-stranded RNAs induce transcriptional activation in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006 Nov 14;103(46):17337-17342.

Activating gene expression in mammalian cells with promoter-targeted duplex RNAs.

Janowski BA, Younger ST, Hardy DB, Ram R, Huffman KE, Corey DR. Activating gene expression in mammalian cells with promoter-targeted duplex RNAs. Nat Chem Biol. 2007;3:166-73.

Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs at sequences downstream from 3′ gene termini.

Yue X, Schwartz JC, Chu Y, Younger ST, Gagnon KT, Elbashir S, et al. Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs at sequences downstream from 3′ gene termini. Nat Chem Biol. 2010;6:621-9.

Efficient regulation of VEGF expression by promoter-targeted lentiviral shRNAs based on epigenetic mechanism: a novel example of epigenetherapy.

Turunen MP, Lehtola T, Heinonen SE, Assefa GS, Korpisalo P, Girnary R, et al. Efficient regulation of VEGF expression by promoter-targeted lentiviral shRNAs based on epigenetic mechanism: a novel example of epigenetherapy. Circ Res. 2009;105:604-9.

Autoregulation of lin-4 microRNA transcription by RNA activation (RNAa) in C. elegans.

Turner MJ, Jiao AL, Slack FJ. Autoregulation of lin-4 microRNA transcription by RNA activation (RNAa) in C. elegans. Cell Cycle. 2014;13:772-81.

Involvement of argonaute proteins in gene silencing and activation by RNAs complementary to a non-coding transcript at the progesterone receptor promoter.

Chu Y, Yue X, Younger ST, Janowski BA, Corey DR. Involvement of argonaute proteins in gene silencing and activation by RNAs complementary to a non-coding transcript at the progesterone receptor promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38:7736-48.

Small activating RNA binds to the genomic target site in a seed-region-dependent manner.

Meng X, Jiang Q, Chang N, Wang X, Liu C, Xiong J, et al. Small activating RNA binds to the genomic target site in a seed-region-dependent manner. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44:2274-82.

Promoter-associated small double-stranded RNA interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 to induce transcriptional activation.

Hu J, Chen Z, Xia D, Wu J, Xu H, Ye ZQ. Promoter-associated small double-stranded RNA interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 to induce transcriptional activation. Biochem J. 2012;447:407-16.

Direct Upregulation of STAT3 by MicroRNA-551b-3p Deregulates Growth and Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer.

Chaluvally-Raghavan P, Jeong KJ, Pradeep S, Silva AM, Yu S, Liu W, et al. Direct Upregulation of STAT3 by MicroRNA-551b-3p Deregulates Growth and Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer. Cell Rep. 2016;15:1493-504.

Promoter RNA links transcriptional regulation of inflammatory pathway genes.

Matsui M, Chu Y, Zhang H, Gagnon KT, Shaikh S, Kuchimanchi S, et al. Promoter RNA links transcriptional regulation of inflammatory pathway genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41:10086-109.

Corey DR. Activation of LDL receptor expression by small RNAs complementary to a noncoding transcript that overlaps the LDLR promoter.

Matsui M, Sakurai F, Elbashir S, Foster DJ, Manoharan M, Corey DR. Activation of LDL receptor expression by small RNAs complementary to a noncoding transcript that overlaps the LDLR promoter. Chem Biol. 2010;17:1344-55.

RNA Activation of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene (VEGF) Promoter by Double-Stranded RNA and Hypoxia: Role of Noncoding VEGF Promoter Transcripts.

Lopez P, Wagner KD, Hofman P, Van Obberghen E. RNA Activation of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene (VEGF) Promoter by Double-Stranded RNA and Hypoxia: Role of Noncoding VEGF Promoter Transcripts. Mol Cell Biol. 2016;36:1480-93.

Epigenetic upregulation of endogenous VEGF-A reduces myocardial infarct size in mice.

Turunen MP, Husso T, Musthafa H, Laidinen S, Dragneva G, Laham-Karam N, et al. Epigenetic upregulation of endogenous VEGF-A reduces myocardial infarct size in mice. PLoS One. 2014;9:e89979.

A Short-activating RNA Oligonucleotide Targeting the Islet beta-cell Transcriptional Factor MafA in CD34(+) Cells.

Reebye V, Saetrom P, Mintz PJ, Rossi JJ, Kasahara N, Nteliopoulos G, et al. A Short-activating RNA Oligonucleotide Targeting the Islet beta-cell Transcriptional Factor MafA in CD34(+) Cells. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2013;2:e97.

Novel RNA oligonucleotide improves liver function and inhibits liver carcinogenesis in vivo.

Reebye V, Saetrom P, Mintz PJ, Huang KW, Swiderski P, Peng L, et al. Novel RNA oligonucleotide improves liver function and inhibits liver carcinogenesis in vivo. Hepatology. 2014;59:216-27.

Targeted Delivery of C/EBPalpha -saRNA by Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-specific RNA Aptamers Inhibits Tumor Growth In Vivo.

Yoon S, Huang KW, Reebye V, Mintz P, Tien YW, Lai HS, et al. Targeted Delivery of C/EBPalpha -saRNA by Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-specific RNA Aptamers Inhibits Tumor Growth In Vivo. Mol Ther. 2016.

Enhancing DPYSL3 gene expression via a promoter-targeted small activating RNA approach suppresses cancer cell motility and metastasis.

Li C, Jiang W, Hu Q, Li LC, Dong L, Chen R, et al. Enhancing DPYSL3 gene expression via a promoter-targeted small activating RNA approach suppresses cancer cell motility and metastasis. Oncotarget. 2016;7:22893-910.

Tumor-selective lipopolyplex encapsulated small active RNA hampers colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in orthotopic murine.

Wang LL, Feng CL, Zheng WS, Huang S, Zhang WX, Wu HN, et al. Tumor-selective lipopolyplex encapsulated small active RNA hampers colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in orthotopic murine. Biomaterials. 2017;141:13-28.

Design and Experimental Validation of Small Activating RNAs Targeting an Exogenous Promoter in Human Cells.

Harris EA, Buzina A, Moffat J, McMillen DR. Design and Experimental Validation of Small Activating RNAs Targeting an Exogenous Promoter in Human Cells. . ACS Synth Biol. 2017 Apr 21;6(4):628-637. doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00125. Epub 2017 Jan 17. PubMed PMID: 28033709.

Development and Mechanism of Small Activating RNA Targeting CEBPA, a Novel Therapeutic in Clinical Trials for Liver Cancer.

Voutila J, Reebye V, Roberts TC, Protopapa P, Andrikakou P, Blakey DC, Habib R, Huber H, Saetrom P, Rossi JJ, Habib NA. Development and Mechanism of Small Activating RNA Targeting CEBPA, a Novel Therapeutic in Clinical Trials for Liver Cancer. Mol Ther. 2017 Dec 6;25(12):2705-2714. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.07.018. Epub 2017 Aug 4. PubMed PMID: 28882451.

A Cellular MicroRNA Facilitates Regulatory T Lymphocyte Development by Targeting the FOXP3 Promoter TATA-Box Motif.

Zhang Y, Liu W, Chen Y, Liu J, Wu K, Su L, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liu C, Tao L, Liu B, Zhang H. A Cellular MicroRNA Facilitates Regulatory T Lymphocyte Development by Targeting the FOXP3 Promoter TATA-Box Motif. J Immunol. 2017 Dec 27. pii: ji1700196. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700196. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29282311.

Ohno SI, Oikawa K, Tsurui T, Harada Y, Ono K, Tateishi M, Mirza A, Takanashi M, Kanekura K, Nagase K, Shimada Y. Nuclear microRNAs release paused Pol II via the DDX21-CDK9 complex. Cell Reports. 2022 Apr 12;39(2):110673.

Local administration of a novel siRNA modality into the CNS extends survival and improves motor function in the SOD1G93A mouse model for ALS

Chunling DuanMoorim KangXiaojie PanZubao GanVera HuangGuanlin LiRobert F. PlaceLong-Cheng Li (2023) Local administration of a novel siRNA modality into the CNS extends survival and improves motor function in the SOD1G93A mouse model for ALS. Preprint, DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530262

RNA aptamers specific for transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 6 and Clusterin for the targeted delivery of imaging reagents and RNA therapeutics to human β cells.

Van Simaeys, D., De La Fuente, A., Zilio, S. et al. RNA aptamers specific for transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 6 and Clusterin for the targeted delivery of imaging reagents and RNA therapeutics to human β cells. Nat Commun 13, 1815 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29377-3

Gene activation of CEBPA using saRNA: preclinical studies of the first in human saRNA drug candidate for liver cancer.

Reebye V, Huang KW, Lin V, Jarvis S, Cutilas P, et al. Gene activation of CEBPA using saRNA: preclinical studies of the first in human saRNA drug candidate for liver cancer. Oncogene. 2018 Jun;37(24):3216-3228. doi: 10.1038/s41388-018-0126-2.

SaRNA-mediated activation of TRPV5 reduces renal calcium oxalate deposition in rat via decreasing urinary calcium excretion.

Zeng T, Duan X, Zhu W, Liu Y, Wu W, Zeng G. SaRNA-mediated activation of TRPV5 reduces renal calcium oxalate deposition in rat via decreasing urinary calcium excretion. Urolithiasis. 2017 Aug 3.

Tumor-selective lipopolyplex encapsulated small active RNA hampers colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in orthotopic murine.

Wang LL, Feng CL, Zheng WS, Huang S, Zhang WX, Wu HN, Zhan Y, Han YX, Wu S,Jiang JD. Tumor-selective lipopolyplex encapsulated small active RNA hampers colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in orthotopic murine. Biomaterials. 2017Oct;141:13-28.

RNA activation of haploinsufficient Foxg1 gene in murine neocortex.

Fimiani C, Goina E, Su Q, Gao G, Mallamaci A. RNA activation of haploinsufficient Foxg1 gene in murine neocortex. Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 20;6:39311.

C/EBPα Short-Activating RNA Suppresses Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Inhibiting EGFR/β-Catenin Signaling Mediated EMT.

Huan H, Wen X, Chen X, Wu L, Liu W, Habib NA, Bie P, Xia F. C/EBPα Short-Activating RNA Suppresses Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Inhibiting EGFR/β-Catenin Signaling Mediated EMT. PLoS One. 2016 Apr6;11(4):e0153117.

Enhancing DPYSL3 gene expression via a promoter-targeted small activating RNA approach suppresses cancer cell motility and metastasis.

Li C, Jiang W, Hu Q, Li LC, Dong L, Chen R, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Thrasher JB, Liu CB, Li B. Enhancing DPYSL3 gene expression via a promoter-targeted small activating RNA approach suppresses cancer cell motility and metastasis. Oncotarget. 2016 Apr 19;7(16):22893-910.

Targeted p53 activation by saRNA suppresses human bladder cancer cells growth and metastasis.

Wang C, Ge Q, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Hu J, Li F, Ye Z. Targeted p53 activation by saRNA suppresses human bladder cancer cells growth and metastasis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Mar 25;35:53.

Targeted Delivery of C/EBPα -saRNA by Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-specific RNA Aptamers Inhibits Tumor Growth In Vivo.

Yoon S, Huang KW, Reebye V, Mintz P, Tien YW, Lai HS, Sætrom P, Reccia I, Swiderski P, Armstrong B, Jozwiak A, Spalding D, Jiao L, Habib N, Rossi JJ. Targeted Delivery of C/EBPα -saRNA by Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-specific RNA Aptamers Inhibits Tumor Growth In Vivo. Mol Ther. 2016 Jun;24(6):1106-1116.

Epigenetic upregulation of endogenous VEGF-A reduces myocardial infarct size in mice.

Turunen MP, Husso T, Musthafa H, Laidinen S, Dragneva G, Laham-Karam N, Honkanen S, Paakinaho A, Laakkonen JP, Gao E, Vihinen-Ranta M, Liimatainen T, Ylä-Herttuala S. Epigenetic upregulation of endogenous VEGF-A reduces myocardial infarct size in mice. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 26;9(2):e89979.

Targeted induction of endogenous NKX3-1 by small activating RNA inhibits prostate tumor growth.

Ren S, Kang MR, Wang J, Huang V, Place RF, Sun Y, Li LC. Targeted induction of endogenous NKX3-1 by small activating RNA inhibits prostate tumor growth. Prostate. 2013 Oct;73(14):1591-601.

saRNA guided iNOS up-regulation improves erectile function of diabetic rats.

Wang T, Li M, Yuan H, Zhan Y, Xu H, Wang S, Yang W, Liu J, Ye Z, Li LC. saRNA guided iNOS up-regulation improves erectile function of diabetic rats. J Urol.2013 Aug;190(2):790-8.

Up-regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 by small activating RNA inhibits the in vitro and in vivo growth of pancreatic cancer cells.

Zhang Z, Wang Z, Liu X, Wang J, Li F, Li C, Shan B. Up-regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 by small activating RNA inhibits the in vitro and in vivo growth of pancreatic cancer cells. Tumori. 2012 Nov;98(6):804-11.

Formulation of Small Activating RNA Into Lipidoid Nanoparticles Inhibits Xenograft Prostate Tumor Growth by Inducing p21Expression.

Place RF, Wang J, Noonan EJ, Meyers R, Manoharan M, Charisse K, Duncan R, Huang V, Wang X, Li LC. Formulation of Small Activating RNA Into Lipidoid Nanoparticles Inhibits Xenograft Prostate Tumor Growth by Inducing p21Expression. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2012 Mar 27;1:e15.

Intravesical delivery of small activating RNA formulated into lipid nanoparticles inhibits orthotopic bladder tumor growth.

Kang MR, Yang G, Place RF, Charisse K, Epstein-Barash H, Manoharan M, Li LC. Intravesical delivery of small activating RNA formulated into lipid nanoparticles inhibits orthotopic bladder tumor growth. Cancer Res. 2012 Oct 1;72(19):5069-79.

Efficient regulation of VEGF expression by promoter-targeted lentiviral shRNAs based on epigenetic mechanism: a novel example of epigenetherapy.

Turunen MP, Lehtola T, Heinonen SE, Assefa GS, Korpisalo P, Girnary R, Glass CK, Väisänen S, Ylä-Herttuala S. Efficient regulation of VEGF expression by promoter-targeted lentiviral shRNAs based on epigenetic mechanism: a novel example of epigenetherapy. Circ Res. 2009 Sep 11;105(6):604-9.

Reviews

Developing small activating RNA as a therapeutic: current challenges and promises.

Kwok A, Raulf N, Habib N. Developing small activating RNA as a therapeutic: current challenges and promises. Ther Deliv. 2019 Mar;10(3):151-164. full-text paper

The current state and future directions of RNAi-based therapeutics.

Setten RL, Rossi JJ, Han SP. The current state and future directions of RNAi-based therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019 Mar 7. doi: 10.1038/s41573-019-0017-4

Small activating RNAs: towards development of new therapeutic agents and clinical treatments.

Li SM, Hu J. Small activating RNAs: towards development of new therapeutic agents and clinical treatments. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2018 Aug 2. doi: 10.2174/1389201019666180802145134.

Development of MTL-CEBPA: Small Activating RNA Drug for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Setten RL, Lightfoot HL, Habib NA, Rossi JJ. Development of MTL-CEBPA: Small Activating RNA Drug for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2018 Jun 10. doi: 10.2174/1389201019666180611093428.

Current Advances in Small Activating RNAs for Gene Therapy: Principles, Applications and Challenges.

Zhou LY, He ZY, Xu T, Wei YQ. Current Advances in Small Activating RNAs for Gene Therapy: Principles, Applications and Challenges. Curr Gene Ther. 2018 Jun 19. doi: 10.2174/1566523218666180619155018.

miRNA activation is an endogenous gene expression pathway.

Vaschetto LM. miRNA activation is an endogenous gene expression pathway. RNA Biol. 2018 Apr 3:1-3.

Small RNA-Guided Transcriptional Gene Activation (RNAa) in Mammalian Cells.

Li LC. Small RNA-Guided Transcriptional Gene Activation (RNAa) in Mammalian Cells. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;983:1-20.

Development of therapeutic dsP21-322 for Cancer Treatment.

Kang MR, Li G, Pan T, Xing JC, Li LC. Development of therapeutic dsP21-322 for Cancer Treatment. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;983:217-229.

RNA-Mediated Gene Activation: Identifying a Candidate RNA for Preclinical Development.

Corey DR. RNA-Mediated Gene Activation: Identifying a Candidate RNA for Preclinical Development. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;983:161-171.

Enhancing Neuronogenesis and Counteracting Neuropathogenic Gene Haploinsufficiencies by RNA Gene Activation.

Mallamaci A. Enhancing Neuronogenesis and Counteracting Neuropathogenic Gene Haploinsufficiencies by RNA Gene Activation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;983:23-39.

RNA Activation: A Diamond in the Rough for Genome Engineers.

Vaschetto LM. RNA Activation: A Diamond in the Rough for Genome Engineers. J Cell Biochem. 2017 Jun 21.

The Yin and Yang of nucleic acid-based therapy in the brain.

Gustincich S, Zucchelli S, Mallamaci A. The Yin and Yang of nucleic acid-based therapy in the brain. Prog Neurobiol. 2017 Aug;155:194-211.

RNAa in action: from the exception to the norm.

Guo D, Barry L, Lin SS, Huang V, Li LC. RNAa in action: from the exception to the norm. RNA Biol. 2014;11(10):1221-5.

RNA activation: promise as a new weapon against cancer.

Zheng L, Wang L, Gan J, Zhang H. RNA activation: promise as a new weapon against cancer. Cancer Lett. 2014 Dec 1;355(1):18-24.

RNA-mediated gene activation.

Jiao AL, Slack FJ. RNA-mediated gene activation. Epigenetics. 2014 Jan;9(1):27-36.

The lin-4 microRNA: The ultimate micromanager.

Esquela-Kerscher A. The lin-4 microRNA: The ultimate micromanager. Cell Cycle. 2014;13(7):1060-1.

Chromatin remodeling by the small RNA machinery in mammalian cells.

Li LC. Chromatin remodeling by the small RNA machinery in mammalian cells. Epigenetics. 2014 Jan;9(1):45-52.

Small RNA and transcriptional upregulation.

Portnoy V, Huang V, Place RF, Li LC. Small RNA and transcriptional upregulation. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2011 Sep-Oct;2(5):748-60.

Minireview: Switching on progesterone receptor expression with duplex RNA.

Janowski BA, Corey DR. Minireview: Switching on progesterone receptor expression with duplex RNA. Mol Endocrinol. 2010 Dec;24(12):2243-52.

RNAi and RNAa–the yin and yang of RNAome.

Pushparaj PN, Aarthi JJ, Kumar SD, Manikandan J. RNAi and RNAa–the yin and yang of RNAome. Bioinformation. 2008 Jan 11;2(6):235-7.

Transcriptional activation by small RNA duplexes.

Rossi JJ. Transcriptional activation by small RNA duplexes. Nature Chem Biol 2007 March;3(3):136-37.

News & Commentaries

Small RNAs reveal an activating side.

Garber K. Small RNAs reveal an activating sideScience 2006 Nov 3;313:741-42.

How to get your genes switched on.

How to get your genes switched on. New Scientist 2006 Nov 18:20.

Activating gene expression. Science. STKE

Elizabeth M. Activating gene expression. Science. STKE 2006 Nov 21;362:392.

Positive Interferenz.

Karberg S. Positive Interferenz. Süddeutsche Zeitung 2006 Nov 8.

Switched on.

Holmes B. Switched on. New Scientist 2007 April 7:42-45.

Scientists’ new genes discovery may be manipulated to disable any disease.

Okoye SE. Scientists’ new genes discovery may be manipulated to disable any disease. Guardian 2007 Jul 5.

Hitting the on switch.

Check E. Hitting the on switchNature 2007 Aug 23;448:885-58. Read the article

Now showing: RNA Activation.

Dolgin E. Now showing: RNA ActivationThe Scientist 2009;23(5):34-39.

Intravesical RNA activation—a new treatment concept.

Payton S. Intravesical RNA activation—a new treatment conceptNature Reviews Urol 2012 August 28.

Intravesical RNA activation—a new treatment concept.

Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Society. Perspectives on current science – June 2016.